Artificial Intelligence Archives

August 30, 2026August 30, 2026

Oliver Bendel Joins the University of Potsdam as Visiting Scholar

Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel of the FHNW School of Business will be a visiting scholar at the University of Potsdam from September 1, 2026, to August 31, 2027. He considers himself a philosopher of technology, focusing on technology ethics and emerging fields of applied ethics, particularly information ethics, robot ethics, and machine ethics. In information ethics and robot ethics, he takes an empirically informed or empirically grounded approach that remains close to the subject matter. Ethical judgments are preceded by as precise an empirical and technical analysis as possible: The first step is to determine the specific characteristics of a given system, the functions it provides, the data it processes, and the effects it produces. Only on this basis are normative questions concerning issues such as informational autonomy, privacy, responsibility, or well-being examined. Normative claims are not derived from description alone, and empirical findings and normative premises remain clearly distinguishable. In machine ethics, Bendel complements this approach with a constructive-experimental methodology. He develops and tests prototypes himself, including specialized chatbots, voice assistants, and household robots in which moral rules are implemented. Here, construction serves as a method of inquiry: Its initial purpose is to demonstrate whether and how particular moral rules can be operationalized and implemented technically. The resulting artifacts are then systematically examined to reveal the possibilities, limitations, contradictions, and unexpected consequences of their implementation. This creates a feedback loop involving ethical conceptualization, technical construction, empirical testing, and ethical reflection. Overall, this methodology can therefore be characterized as an empirically grounded and constructive-experimental approach to technology ethics and related fields of research. Since 2022, Oliver Bendel has also been an associated researcher with the Potsdam Embodied Cognition Group (PECoG) at the University of Potsdam.

August 19, 2026August 19, 2026

Inclusive AI for Wearables

The master’s thesis “Inclusive AI for Wearables: Assistive Glasses as a Case Study” by Myriam Rellstab, a student at the FHNW School of Business, has reached an important milestone. In the summer of 2026, she completed her comprehensive thesis proposal under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel. The proposal already provides some interesting preliminary findings. Consumer-oriented smart glasses and assistive systems are increasingly based on the same technological foundations, including computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, contextual awareness, and real-time information processing. Nevertheless, research and development still tend to treat mainstream and assistive smart glasses as separate categories. This suggests an important opportunity for Inclusive AI: future smart glasses could be conceived as shared technological platforms serving people with and without disabilities rather than as separate mainstream and assistive products. A central question emerging from the proposal concerns the appropriate design strategy. Rellstab distinguishes between universal, specialized, and modular approaches. Universal solutions promise a coherent and inclusive experience but may not adequately address highly specific needs. Specialized solutions can provide targeted support but risk maintaining the separation between mainstream and assistive technologies. Modular systems could offer a middle ground by combining a common platform with components and functions that can be adapted to individual requirements, although this comes with greater complexity. The next stages of the thesis will combine a structured literature review and comparative analysis of existing smart-glasses systems with qualitative interviews involving blind, low-vision, and Deaf or hard-of-hearing users. The ultimate goal is to derive design requirements and develop a conceptual framework for future inclusive AI-supported smart glasses.

August 2, 2026August 2, 2026

A Decade Before Article 50: AI Transparency in the European Parliament

Article 50, “Transparency obligations for providers and deployers of certain AI systems,” of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act) states: “Providers shall ensure that AI systems intended to interact directly with natural persons are designed and developed in such a way that the natural persons concerned are informed that they are interacting with an AI system, unless this is obvious from the point of view of a natural person who is reasonably well-informed, observant and circumspect, taking into account the circumstances and the context of use.” Ten years earlier, the European Parliament had already sought advice from Oliver Bendel on this very topic. In his presentation, “Moral and Immoral Machines”, delivered at the event “Merging of Man and Machine: Questions of Ethics in Dealing with Emerging Technology” in Brussels on September 8, 2016, Bendel introduced GOODBOT, a chatbot he had initiated in 2013 as part of his research on machine ethics. GOODBOT featured several escalation levels and repeatedly made it clear to users that it was merely a machine. Other speakers in the “Ethics & Society” session included Enno Park, Dana Lewis, Yvonne Hofstetter, and Constanze Kurz. At the “Digital Europe” Working Group conference on robotics on November 8, 2017, Bendel also spoke online about related issues in machine ethics. Referring to a care robot, he raised the question: “Should the robot make clear that it’s just a machine?” The transparency obligations set out in Article 50 entered into force on August 2, 2026 (Photo: Sebastian Raible).

July 29, 2026July 29, 2026

Euclid and Moira Tell Stories

Humanoid robots are becoming increasingly convincing conversational partners, but can they also become good storytellers? This intriguing question will be explored at New Scientist Live 2026 in London during the Family session “Science Bites: Why are robots bad story tellers?” on October 10 from 12:40 to 1:20 p.m. Computer scientist Dr. Carl Strathearn and lecturer and computer scientist Emilia Sobolewska will present their two AI-powered humanoid robots, Euclid and Moira, and let them engage in a live conversation. While today’s AI systems can generate impressive text, storytelling remains a difficult challenge because compelling narratives require contextual understanding, shared knowledge, creativity, and the ability to connect ideas in meaningful ways. During the demonstration, the two robots will exchange thoughts and ideas, and the audience may even witness them gradually drifting into hallucinations and constructing a shared fantasy world. The researchers hope that these spontaneous interactions could offer new insights into how imagination and creativity might emerge in autonomous AI systems. Euclid has already attracted considerable attention this summer as one of the highlights of the 18th International Conference on Social Robotics (ICSR + Art 2026) in London, where visitors were able to interact directly with the advanced humanoid robot. Developed by Carl Strathearn and Emilia Sobolewska, Euclid combines automatic speech recognition, computer vision, generative AI, skin sensors, and an innovative robotic mouth that produces highly realistic speech movements through machine learning. Unlike many famous humanoid robots with idealized faces, Euclid deliberately represents an older man with deeply lined features, challenging established design conventions while emphasizing authenticity, diversity, and natural human interaction. The upcoming New Scientist Live session now offers another opportunity to experience Euclid in action, this time in an experiment that explores one of the most fascinating frontiers of artificial intelligence: whether machines can move beyond generating language and begin creating genuinely imaginative stories together

July 23, 2026July 24, 2026

Terms and Concepts Introduced by Oliver Bendel

Since 2012, Oliver Bendel has introduced or significantly shaped a number of terms and concepts in academic discourse, particularly in the fields of machine ethics, social robotics, and the philosophy of technology. The Munchausen machine (Münchhausen-Maschine) refers to an immoral machine that systematically generates or disseminates falsehoods. The LIEBOT (LÜGENBOT) is a specific implementation of this concept. It is a chatbot conceived by Bendel and realized as a prototype that systematically tells lies. The project was used to explore the capabilities, risks, and ethical implications of deceptive dialogue systems. The reversed cyborg, also referred to as the inverted cyborg, describes the counterpart of the classical cyborg: instead of integrating technical structures into biological ones, it incorporates biological structures into technical ones. Robot enhancement refers to the deliberate extension and improvement of robots by adding sensory, motor, cognitive, or communicative capabilities and constitutes the counterpart to human enhancement. A wearable social robot is a social robot that is worn on the body or attached to clothing and accompanies its user through communication, assistance, or social interaction in everyday life. With “mythomorphic design”, Bendel describes an approach to robot design in which the models are drawn not from humans or animals but from figures found in mythology, fantasy, or science fiction. Animal-Machine Interaction (AMI) is a field of research and application that Bendel has significantly shaped, though he did not coin the term itself. It systematically examines interactions between animals and machines while addressing both technical and ethical issues. Its primary focus is the design and development of machines for interaction with animals rather than the study of animals themselves, extending to the creation of animal-friendly machines. Machine ethics also plays an important role in this field. The proxy machine with proxy morality is a concept in machine ethics according to which a machine acts as a moral proxy by executing moral rules defined by humans, without itself possessing consciousness or responsibility. Other important approaches in this field include annotated decision trees and morality menus (Photo: Jork Weismann).

July 11, 2026July 11, 2026

More News of the World

In 1977, Queen released the album “News of the World”. Its cover likely fascinated or disturbed many teenagers and adults at the time, a reaction that later found its way into popular culture – for example, in the animated sitcom “Family Guy”, where Stewie is terrified of it. The artwork depicts a gigantic humanoid robot holding two dead people in its right hand while blood drips from its left. Science fiction artist Frank Kelly Freas had already used a similar motif in one of his earlier works. Brian May has repeatedly emphasized that “News of the World” represented a deliberate stylistic shift for the band – more direct, rawer, and more contemporary. The cover art clearly reflected that new direction. The guitarist has always been as passionate about science fiction as he is about the reality of outer space. In 2007, after a long interruption, he completed his Ph.D. at Imperial College London with a dissertation on interplanetary dust. A few months ago, he was interviewed for the book “RE:VIEW: Wozu die Menschheit retten? (RE:VIEW: Why Save Humanity?)”. The book’s first section features extensive ESA imagery from the AI-supported planetary defense mission Hera, complemented by works of AI-generated art. In the second section, Hera’s own AI system takes on the role of interviewer, conducting “thirty in-depth conversations with figures from the worlds of art, science, philosophy, and society” (publisher’s description, own translation). In addition to Brian May – who was thus able to discuss both science fiction and the reality of space – the interviewees include, among others, the world’s first female space tourist Anousheh Ansari, “Interstellar” visionary Paul Franklin, PETA founder Ingrid Newkirk, former Guns N’ Roses guitarist Ron “Bumblefoot” Thal, science fiction author Andreas Eschbach, artist Jonathan Meese, and technology philosopher and machine ethics expert Oliver Bendel. The book is being published by We Mind Publishing in collaboration with the agency Jung von Matt. It is already listed on Amazon, where extensive information about the book is now available, and is scheduled for release in September 2026.

July 9, 2026July 9, 2026

Artificial Life and the Virtual Girlfriend

In 1999, Oliver Bendel moved from an institute in Trier to the University of St. Gallen, where he took a position as a project manager and doctoral researcher. At first, he planned to write his dissertation on learning and knowledge portals. However, he soon decided to pursue a different topic. From an early age, he had been fascinated by chatbots, voice assistants, and social robots. Some he knew from science fiction, while others he had encountered firsthand through observation and use. What fascinated him were not only the dialogue systems themselves, with which he had been experimenting since 1996, but also their visualizations and embodiments. He devoted his research to pedagogical agents – that is, chatbots, voice assistants, and AI agents in learning environments. He also examined emotion recognition systems and the earliest social robots. He devoted several pages to the company Artificial Life. Beginning in 1999, the company gained recognition with Einstein, an educational application distributed on CD-ROM. The chatbot was paired with a realistic-looking avatar that guided users through the life and work of the famous physicist from Ulm. At the beginning of the new millennium, the company made headlines again with another product: the Virtual Girlfriend for mobile phones designed for the then newly introduced 3G network. Users could care for her much like a Tamagotchi, which had been introduced a few years earlier, and they could buy her gifts – expensive ones, of course. For many years, she was available at v-girl.com. By that time, a number of companies had already discovered that users flirted with chatbots and their avatars, asking them how old they were, whether they had a boyfriend, and whether they were interested in a relationship. Artificial Life deliberately built on this phenomenon, creating an artifact that was as visionary as it was problematic, designed to foster profound emotional dependence within a one-sided relationship. Oliver Bendel later explored these issues in numerous journal articles and book chapters. In 2020, Springer Gabler published his book “Maschinenliebe (Machine Love)“. It summarized the state of research at the time on chatbots, love dolls, and sex robots.

June 1, 2026June 3, 2026

Giving Endangered Languages a Digital Future

Since 2012, Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel (FHNW School of Business) has initiated and implemented a wide variety of chatbots and voice assistants. These systems have been covered by the media and have even attracted the interest of NASA. His theoretical foundation and practical expertise stem from his doctoral dissertation on this topic, which dates back a quarter of a century. Since 2022, his focus has been on dialogue systems for dead and endangered languages. This work has resulted in @ve, a chatbot for Latin (implemented by Karim N’Diaye), @llegra, a voice-enabled chatbot for Vallader, a variety of Romansh (implemented by Dalil Jabou), and kAIxo, a voice-enabled chatbot for Basque (implemented by Nicolas Lluis Araya). In addition, Oliver Bendel is experimenting with chatbots for extinct languages such as Egyptian and Akkadian. On April 8, 2026, his article “Chatbots for Dead, Endangered, and Extinct Languages: Possibilities and Limitations of Generative AI for Continuing Education” was published in Wiley Industry News. The article focuses on the question of how chatbots based on generative AI can contribute to the preservation and promotion of dead, endangered, and extinct languages in continuing education, as well as in formal education. Oliver Bendel is also involved in the University of Applied Sciences of the Grisons’ IdiomVoice project, which will be presented on June 17, 2026, at the GRdigital Project Showcase during an evening networking reception. Visitors to the showcase will have the opportunity to explore the current prototype and interact directly in Sursilvan with the two chatbot characters, Lina and Brida. With @llegra, Lina, and Brida, Graubünden has gained several digital ambassadors for its Romansh idioms.

May 20, 2026August 2, 2026

From Machine Ethics to EU Law

In Article 50, “Transparency Obligations for Providers and Deployers of Certain AI Systems”, of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, it is stated: “Providers shall ensure that AI systems intended to interact directly with natural persons are designed and developed in such a way that the natural persons concerned are informed that they are interacting with an AI system, unless this is obvious from the point of view of a natural person who is reasonably well-informed, observant and circumspect, taking into account the circumstances and the context of use.” On this subject, the European Parliament had already been advised ten years earlier by Oliver Bendel. In his lecture “Moral and Immoral Machines – Moralische und unmoralische Maschinen” in Brussels on September 8, 2016, he presented GOODBOT, a chatbot initiated by him in 2013 in the context of machine ethics, which featured several escalation levels while repeatedly making clear that it was merely a machine. At the Digital Europe Working Group Conference Robotics on November 8, 2017, Bendel also spoke online about related questions in machine ethics. In connection with a care robot, he raised the question: “Should the robot make clear that it’s just a machine?” The transparency obligations set out in Article 50 will enter into force on August 2, 2026.